IDEA HISTORY

IDEA HISTORY

Epistemologi is philosophy branch concerning in with the knowledge theory. Epistemologi is science studying various elementary recognition form of knowledge, reality and its value. traditionally, becoming fundamental of[is problem of epistemologi is the source of, provenance and nature of knowledge base: area, boundary and knowledge reach.

Knowledge is a word used to subject to what known by someone of about something. Knowledge always have the subjek: knowing. Without there is knowing hence may not be knowledge. Knowledge also suppose the object. Without object or matter knew also have to be told may not be knowledge. knowledge Berelasi by the problem of the truth of. Truth is according to knowledge with the knowledge object. Its problem is truth of a knowledge object cannot is at a time obtained in a[n certain knowledge time. a knowledge object present the truism. Truth of searched in knowledge step compiled methodically, is rational and systematic. There is three knowledge type, that is ordinary knowledge or erudite pre knowledge, erudite knowledge and philosophic knowledge.

A knowledge surely have the source. Whether in fact becoming the source of knowledge? Some philosopher mention that source of knowledge is mind of kindness or ratio. Kindness mind have the important function in course of knowledge. Some other philosopher have a notion that source of knowledge is experience inderawi. Knowledge basically lean and base on the the five senses and also at experience of empirik inderawi. Polar oposition of idea of this rasionalitas and empirisme is pacified by Immanuel Kant expressing that even entire/all idea and concept have the character of apriori, the concept and idea of application can only if there is experience. Without experience, all idea and concept can never application.

Other problems in epistemologi is certainty and truth a knowledge. Criterion of what weared to measure a knowledge can be referred as by a correctness and surely? How a knowledge can be told by as knowledge which sahih? In epistemologi of there are some theory of kesahihan knowledge, that is theory koherensi, correspondence theory, pragmatic theory, semantic theory and abundant theory logikal.

Khant tell, that human being have been provided with a set willingness, so that we can give the form to raw data is which we perceive. So that thereby we possible have the knowledge apriori, and needn't experience of by xself to get the basal knowledge, knowledge which aposteriori. We is not ordinary know the realita which in fact, but a[n realita reflected by conscious experience of us. God is as an realita is outside experience, and represent the knowledge object.

(1724–1804). The philosopher of the 1700s who ranks with Aristotle and Plato of ancient times is Immanuel Kant. He set forth a chain of explosive ideas that humanity has continued to ponder since his time. He created a link between the idealists—those who thought that all reality was in the mind—and the materialists—those who thought that the only reality lay in the things of the material world. Kant's ideas on the relationship of mind and matter provide the key to understanding the writings of many 20th-century philosophers.

Kant was born on April 22, 1724, in Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia). His father was a saddle and harness maker. He attended school at the Collegium Fredericianum where he studied religion and the Latin classics. When he was 16 years old Kant entered the University of Königsberg. He enrolled as a student of theology but soon became more interested in physics and mathematics.

After leaving college he worked for nine years as a tutor in the homes of wealthy families. In 1755 he earned his doctorate at the university and became a lecturer to university students, living on the small fees his students paid him. He turned down offers from schools that would have taken him elsewhere, and finally the University of Königsberg offered him the position of professor of logic and metaphysics.

Kant never married and he never traveled farther than 50 miles (80 kilometers) from Königsberg. He divided his time among lectures, writing, and daily walks. He was small, thin, and weak, but his ideas were powerful.

Kant's most famous work was the ‘Critique of Pure Reason' (published in German in 1781). In it he tried to set up the difference between things of the outside world and actions of the mind. He said that things that exist in the world are real, but the human mind is needed to give them order and form and to see the relationships between them. Only the mind can surround them with space and time. The principles of mathematics are part of the space-time thoughts supplied by the mind to real things.

For example, we see only one or two walls of a house at any one time. The mind gathers up these sense impressions of individual walls and mentally builds a complete house. Thus the whole house is being created in the mind while our eyes see only a part of the whole.

Kant said that thoughts must be based on real things. Pure reason without reference to the outside world is impossible. We know only what we first gather up with our senses. Yet living in the real world does not mean that ideals should be abandoned. In his ‘Critique of Practical Reason' (1788) he argued for a stern morality. His basic idea was in the form of a Categorical Imperative. This meant that humans should act so well that their conduct could give rise to a universal law. Kant died in Königsberg on Feb. 12, 1804. His last words were Es ist gut, “It is good.”

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